Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • When a document's text is to be displayed visually, (abstract information elements) must be mapped to. One or more characters may be depicted by one or more abstract glyphs, in a possibly context-dependent fashion.

A is the actual artistic representation of an abstract glyph, in some typographic style, in the form of outlines or bitmaps that may be drawn on the screen or paper. A is a set of glyphs, all observing the same basic motif according to design, size, appearance, and other attributes associated with the entire set, and a mapping from characters to abstract glyphs. A visual user agent must address the following issues before actually rendering a character: • Is there, directly or by inheritance, a font specified for this character? • Does the user agent have this font available?

• If so, what glyph(s) does this character or sequence of characters map to? • If not, what should be done? Should a different font be substituted? Can the font be synthesized? Can it be retrieved from the Web?

Information on where to get Adobe Type fonts and other frequently asked questions. Feb 14, 2017. All Rights Reserved.ITC Zapf Chancery is a registered trademark of International Typeface Corporation. Download OTF. Zapf Chancery 2 Swash Light Italic Zapf Chancery 2 Swash Medium Italic Zapf Chancery. Zapf Chancery-Roman Font Information. Downloads: 16. Uploaded on: 2017-02-14.

In both CSS1 and CSS2, authors specify font characteristics via a series of font properties. How the user agent handles these properties, when there is no matching font on the client has expanded between CSS1 and CSS2. In CSS1, all fonts were assumed to be present on the client system and were identified solely by name. Alternate fonts could be specified through the properties, but beyond that, user agents had no way to propose other fonts to the user (even stylistically similar fonts that the user agent had available) other than generic default fonts. CSS2 changes all that, and allows much greater liberty for: • style sheet authors, to describe the fonts they want to be used • user agents, in selecting a font when an author's requested font is not immediately available. CSS2 improves client-side font matching, enables font synthesis and progressive rendering, and enables fonts to be downloaded over the Web.

These enhanced capabilities are referred to as 'WebFonts' In the CSS2 font model, as in CSS1, each user agent has a 'font database' at its disposition. CSS1 referred to this database but gave no details about what was in it. CSS2 defines the information in that database and allows style sheet authors to contribute to it. When asked to display a character with a particular font, the user agent first identifies the font in the database that 'best fits' the specified font (according to the Once it has identified a font, it retrieves the font data locally or from the Web, and may display the character using those glyphs. In light of this model, we have organized the specification into two sections. The first concerns the, whereby authors specify which fonts they would like to have used.

The second concerns the, whereby the client's user agent identifies and loads a font that best fits the author's specification. How the user agent constructs the font database lies outside the scope of this specification since the database's implementation depends on such factors as the operating system, the windowing system, and the client. 15.2 The first phase of the CSS font mechanism concerns how style sheet authors specify which fonts should be used by a user agent. At first, it seem that the obvious way to specify a font is by it's name, a single string - which appears to be separated into distinct parts; for example 'BT Swiss 721 Heavy Italic'. Unfortunately, there exists no well-defined and universally accepted taxonomy for classifying fonts based on their names, and terms that apply to one font family name may not be appropriate for others.

For example, the term 'italic' is commonly used to label slanted text, but slanted text may also be labeled Oblique, Slanted, Incline, Cursive, or Kursiv. Similarly, font names typically contain terms that describe the 'weight' of a font. The primary role of these names is to distinguish faces of differing darkness within a single font family. There is no accepted, universal meaning to these weight names and usage varies widely. For example a font that you might think of as being bold might be described as being Regular, Roman, Book, Medium, Semi- or Demi-Bold, Bold, or Black, depending on how black the 'normal' face of the font is within the design. This lack of systematic naming makes it impossible, in the general case, to generate a modified font face name that differs in a particular way, such as being bolder.

Because of this, CSS uses a. Fonts are requested not through a single font name but through setting a series of font properties. These property values form the basis of the user agent's mechanism.

The font properties can be individually modified, for example to increase the boldness, and the new set of font property values will then be used to select from the font database again. The result is an increase in regularity for style sheet authors and implementors, and an increase in robustness. 15.2. Hp C5180 Win7 Driver. 1 CSS2 specifies fonts according to these characteristics: The specifies which font family is to be used to render the text.

A font family is a group of fonts,designed to be used in combination and exhibiting similarities in design. One member of the family may be italic, another bold, another condensed or using small caps. Font family names include 'Helvetica', 'New Century Schoolbook', and 'Kyokasho ICA L'.

Font family names are not restricted to Latin characters. Font families may be grouped into different categories: those with or without serifs, those whose characters are or are not proportionally spaced, those that resemble handwriting, those that are fantasy fonts, etc. The font style specifies whether the text is to be rendered using a normal, italic, or oblique face. Is a more cursive companion face to the normal face, but not so cursive as to make it a script face. Oblique is a slanted form of the normal face, and is more commonly used as a companion face to sans-serif. This definition avoids having to label slightly slanted normal faces as oblique, or normal Greek faces as italic. The font variant indicates whether the text is to be rendered using the normal glyphs for lowercase characters or using small-caps glyphs for lowercase characters.

A particular font may contain only normal, only small-caps, or both types of glyph; this property is used to request an appropriate font and, if the font contains both variants, the appropriate glyphs. The font weight refers to the boldness or lightness of the glyphs used to render the text, relative to other fonts in the same font family. The font stretch indicates the desired amount of condensing or expansion in the glyphs used to render the text, relative to other fonts in the same font family.

The font size refers to the size of the font from baseline to baseline, when set solid (in CSS terms, this is when the and properties have the same value). On all properties except, 'em' and 'ex' length values refer to the font size of the current element. For, these length units refer to the font size of the parent element. Please consult the section on for more information. The CSS font properties are used to describe the desired appearance of text in the document.

The font descriptors, in contrast, are used to describe the characteristics of fonts, so that a suitable font can be chosen to create the desired appearance. For information about the classification of fonts, please consult the section on. 15.2.2: the property. Value: [[ ],]* [ ] Initial: depends on user agent Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: This property specifies a prioritized list of font family names and/or generic family names.

To deal with the problem that a single font may not contain glyphs to display all the characters in a document, or that not all fonts are available on all systems, this property allows authors to specify a list of fonts, all of the same style and size, that are tried in sequence to see if they contain a glyph for a certain character. This list is called a. Value: normal italic oblique Initial: normal Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: The property requests normal (sometimes referred to as 'roman' or 'upright'), italic, and oblique faces within a font family. Values have the following meanings: normal Specifies a font that is classified as 'normal' in the UA's font database.

Oblique Specifies a font that is classified as 'oblique' in the UA's font database. Fonts with Oblique, Slanted, or Incline in their names will typically be labeled 'oblique' in the font database. A font that is labeled 'oblique' in the UA's font database may actually have been generated by electronically slanting a normal font. Italic Specifies a font that is classified as 'italic' in the UA's font database, or, if that is not available, one labeled 'oblique'.

Fonts with Italic, Cursive, or Kursiv in their names will typically be labeled 'italic'. Value: normal small-caps Initial: normal Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: In a small-caps font, the glyphs for lowercase letters look similar to the uppercase ones, but in a smaller size and with slightly different proportions. The property requests such a font for (having two cases, as with Latin script). This property has no visible effect for scripts that are (having only one case, as with most of the world's writing systems). Values have the following meanings: normal Specifies a font that is not labeled as a small-caps font. Small-caps Specifies a font that is labeled as a small-caps font. If a genuine small-caps font is not available, user agents should simulate a small-caps font, for example by taking a normal font and replacing the lowercase letters by scaled uppercase characters.

As a last resort, unscaled uppercase letter glyphs in a normal font may replace glyphs in a small-caps font so that the text appears in all uppercase letters. Value: normal bold bolder lighter 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Initial: normal Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: The property specifies the weight of the font. Values have the following meanings: 100 to 900 These values form an ordered sequence, where each number indicates a weight that is at least as dark as its predecessor. Normal Same as '400'. Bold Same as '700'. Bolder Specifies the next weight that is assigned to a font that is darker than the inherited one. If there is no such weight, it simply results in the next darker numerical value (and the font remains unchanged), unless the inherited value was '900', in which case the resulting weight is also '900'.

Lighter Specifies the next weight that is assigned to a font that is lighter than the inherited one. If there is no such weight, it simply results in the next lighter numerical value (and the font remains unchanged), unless the inherited value was '100', in which case the resulting weight is also '100'. Value: normal wider narrower ultra-condensed extra-condensed condensed semi-condensed semi-expanded expanded extra-expanded ultra-expanded Initial: normal Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: The property selects a normal, condensed, or extended face from a font family. Absolute keyword values have the following ordering, from narrowest to widest: • ultra-condensed • extra-condensed • condensed • semi-condensed • normal • semi-expanded • expanded • extra-expanded • ultra-expanded The relative keyword 'wider' sets the value to the next expanded value above the inherited value (while not increasing it above 'ultra-expanded'); the relative keyword 'narrower' sets the value to the next condensed value below the inherited value (while not decreasing it below 'ultra-condensed'). 15.2.4: the and properties. Value: Initial: medium Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes, the computed value is inherited Percentages: refer to parent element's font size Media: This property describes the size of the font when set solid. Values have the following meanings: An keyword refers to an entry in a table of font sizes computed and kept by the user agent.

Possible values are: [ xx-small x-small small medium large x-large xx-large ] On a computer screen a scaling factor of 1.2 is suggested between adjacent indexes; if the 'medium' font is 12pt, the 'large' font could be 14.4pt. Different media may need different scaling factors. Also, the user agent should take the quality and availability of fonts into account when computing the table. The table may be different from one font family to another.

In CSS1, the suggested scaling factor between adjacent indexes was 1.5 which user experience proved to be too large. A keyword is interpreted relative to the table of font sizes and the font size of the parent element. Possible values are: [ larger smaller ] For example, if the parent element has a font size of 'medium', a value of 'larger' will make the font size of the current element be 'large'. If the parent element's size is not close to a table entry, the user agent is free to interpolate between table entries or round off to the closest one. The user agent may have to extrapolate table values if the numerical value goes beyond the keywords.

A length value specifies an absolute font size (that is independent of the user agent's font table). Negative lengths are illegal. A percentage value specifies an absolute font size relative to the parent element's font size. Use of percentage values, or values in 'em's, leads to more robust and cascadable style sheets. The of this property may differ from the due a numerical value on 'font-size-adjust' and the unavailability of certain font sizes. Child elements inherit the computed value (otherwise, the effect of would compound). Value: none Initial: none Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: In scripts, the subjective apparent size and legibility of a font are less dependent on their value than on the value of their, or, more usefully, on the ratio of these two values, called the (font size divided by x-height).

The higher the aspect value, the more likely it is that a font at smaller sizes will be legible. Inversely, faces with a lower aspect value will become illegible more rapidly below a given threshold size than faces with a higher aspect value. Straightforward font substitution that relies on font size alone may lead to illegible characters. For example, the popular font Verdana has an aspect value of 0.58; when Verdana's font size 100 units, its x-height is 58 units.

For comparison, Times New Roman has an aspect value of 0.46. Verdana will therefore tend to remain legible at smaller sizes than Times New Roman. Conversely, Verdana will often look 'too big' if substituted for Times New Roman at a chosen size.

This property allows authors to specify an aspect value for an element that will preserve the x-height of the first choice font in the substitute font. Values have the following meanings: none Do not preserve the font's x-height. Specifies the aspect value. The number refers to the aspect value of the first choice font. The scaling factor for available fonts is computed according to the following formula: y(a/a') = c where: y = 'font-size' of first-choice font a' = aspect value of available font c = 'font-size' to apply to available font. Example(s): For example, if 14px Verdana (with an aspect value of 0.58) was unavailable and an available font had an aspect value of 0.46, the font-size of the substitute would be 14 * (0.58/0.46) = 17.65px. Font size adjustments take place when computing the of.

Since inheritance is based on the, child elements will inherit unadjusted values. The first image below shows several typefaces rasterized at a common font size (11pt. At 72 ppi), together with their aspect values. Note that faces with higher aspect values appear larger than those with lower. Faces with very low aspect values are illegible at the size shown. The next image shows the results of where Verdana has been taken as the'first choice', together with the scaling factor applied. As adjusted, the apparent sizes are nearly linear across faces, though the actual (em) sizes vary by more than 100%.

Note that tends to stabilize the horizontal metrics of lines, as well. 15.2.5: the property. Value: [ [ ]? ] caption icon menu message-box small-caption status-bar Initial: see individual properties Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: allowed on 'font-size' and 'line-height' Media: The property is, except as described, a shorthand property for setting,,,,, and, at the same place in the style sheet. The syntax of this property is based on a traditional typographical shorthand notation to set multiple properties related to fonts. All font-related properties are first reset to their initial values, including those listed in the preceding paragraph plus and. Then, those properties that are given explicit values in the shorthand are set to those values.

For a definition of allowed and initial values, see the previously defined properties. For reasons of backwards compatibility, it is not possible to set and to other than their initial values using the shorthand property; instead, set the individual properties. Value: all [normal bold 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900] [, [normal bold 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900]]* Initial: all Media: This is the descriptor for the weight of a face relative to others in the same font family.

It takes the same values as the property with three exceptions: • relative keywords (bolder, lighter) are not permitted. • a comma-separated list of values is permitted, for fonts that contain multiple weights. • an additional keyword, 'all' is permitted, which means that the font will match for all possible weights; either because it contains multiple weights, or because that face only has a single weight.

Value: all [ normal ultra-condensed extra-condensed condensed semi-condensed semi-expanded expanded extra-expanded ultra-expanded ] [, [ normal ultra-condensed extra-condensed condensed semi-condensed semi-expanded expanded extra-expanded ultra-expanded] ]* Initial: normal Media: This is the CSS indication of the condensed or expanded nature of the face relative to others in the same font family. It takes the same values as the property except that: • relative keywords (wider, narrower) are not permitted • a comma-separated list is permitted • The keyword 'all' is permitted. Value: all [, ]* Initial: all Media: This is the descriptor for the sizes provided by this font. Only units are permitted, in contrast to the property, which allows both relative and absolute lengths and sizes. A comma-separated list of absolute lengths is permitted. The initial value of 'all' is suitable for most scalable fonts, so this descriptor is primarily for use in an @font-face for bitmap fonts, or scalable fonts designed to be rasterised at a restricted range of font sizes.

15.3.3: The following descriptor is optional within a font definition, but is used to avoid checking or downloading a font that does not have sufficient glyphs to render a particular character. Value: [, ]* Initial: U+0-7FFFFFFF Media: This is the descriptor for the covered by the font. The values of are expressed using hexadecimal numbers prefixed by 'U+', corresponding to character code positions in ISO 10646 (). For example, U+05D1 is the ISO 10646 character 'Hebrew letter bet'. For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), additional leading digits corresponding to the plane number are added, also in hexadecimal, like this: U+A1234 which is the character on Plane 10 at hexadecimal code position 1234. Kamal Raja All New Songs Free Download.

At the time of writing no characters had been assigned outside the BMP. Leading zeros (for example, 0000004D) are valid, but not required. The of this descriptor covers not only the entire Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), which would be expressed as U+0-FFFF, but also the whole repertoire of ISO 10646. Thus, the initial value says that the font may have glyphs for characters anywhere in ISO 10646. Specifying a value for provides information to make searching efficient, by declaring a constrained range in which the font may have glyphs for characters. The font need not be searched for characters outside this range.

Values may be written with any number of digits. For single numbers, the character '?' Is assumed to mean 'any value' which creates a range of character positions.

Thus, using a single number: unicode-range: U+20A7 no wild cards - it indicates a single character position (the Spanish peseta currency symbol) unicode-range: U+215? One wild card, covers the range 2150 to 215F (the fractions) unicode-range: U+00?? Two wild cards, covers the range 0000 to 00FF (Latin-1) unicode-range: U+E?? Two wild cards, covers 0E00 to 0EFF (the Lao script) A pair of numbers in this format can be combined with the dash character to indicate larger ranges. For example: unicode-range: U+AC00-D7FF the range is AC00 to D7FF (the Hangul Syllables area) Multiple, discontinuous ranges can be specified, separated by a comma.

As with other comma-separated lists in CSS, any before or after the comma is For example: unicode-range: U+370-3FF, U+1F?? This covers the range 0370 to 03FF (Modern Greek) plus 1F00 to 1FFF (Ancient polytonic Greek). Unicode-range: U+3000-303F, U+3100-312F, U+32??, U+33??, U+4E00-9FFF, U+F9000-FAFF, U+FE30-FE4F Something of a worst case in terms of verbosity, this very precisely indicates that this (extremely large) font contains only Chinese characters from ISO 10646, without including any characters that are uniquely Japanese or Korean. The range is 3000 to 303F (CJK symbols and punctuation) plus 3100 to 312F (Bopomofo) plus 3200 to 32FF (enclosed CJK letters and months) plus 3300 to 33FF (CJK compatibility zone) plus 4E00 to 9FFF (CJK unified Ideographs) plus F900 to FAFF (CJK compatibility ideographs) plus FE30 to FE4F (CJK compatibility forms).

A more likely representation for a typical Chinese font would be: unicode-range: U+3000-33FF, U+4E00-9FFF unicode-range: U+11E00-121FF This font covers a proposed registration for Aztec pictograms, covering the range 1E00 to 21FF in plane 1. Unicode-range: U+1A00-1A1F This font covers a proposed registration for Irish Ogham covering the range 1A00 to 1A1F 15.3.4: The following descriptor specifies the number of 'units' per em; these units may be used by several other descriptors to express various lengths, so is required if other descriptors depend on it. Value: [ [format( [, ]*)] ] [, [format( [, ]*)] ]* Initial: undefined Media: This is a prioritized, comma-separated list of external references and/or locally installed font face names. The external reference points to the font data on the Web. This is required if the WebFont is to be downloaded. The font resource may be a subset of the source font, for example it may contain only the glyphs needed for the current page or for a set of pages.

The external reference consists of a URI, followed by an optional hint regarding the format of font resource to be found at that URI, and this information should be used by clients to avoid following links to fonts in formats they are unable to use. As with any hypertext reference, there may be other formats available, but the client has a better idea of what is likely to be there, in a more robust way than trying to parse filename extensions in URIs. The format hint contains a comma-separated list of format strings that denote well-known font formats. The user agent will recognize the name of font formats that it supports, and will avoid downloading fonts in formats that it does not recognize. Example(s): src: url('a full URI and no information about the font format(s) available there src: local('BT Century 751 No.

2 Semi Bold Italic') references a particular face of a locally installed font src: url('./fonts/bar') format('truedoc-pfr') a partial URI which has a font available in TrueDoc format src: url('format('opentype', 'intellifont') a full URI, in this case to a script, which can generate two different formats - OpenType and Intellifont src: local('T-26 Typeka Mix'), url('format('type-1') two alternatives are given, firstly a locally installed font and secondly a downloadable font available in Type 1 format. Access to locally installed fonts is via the. The font face name is not truly unique, nor is it truly platform or font format independent, but at the moment it is the best way to identify locally installed font data. The use of the font face name can be made more accurate by providing an indication of the glyph complement required.

This may be done by indicating the range of ISO 10646 character positions for which the font provides some glyphs (see ). 15.3.6:,,,,,,, and These descriptors are optional for a CSS2 definition, but may be used if intelligent font matching or font size adjustment is desired by the author. Value: Initial: undefined Media: This is the descriptor for the of the font. If the value is undefined, the descriptor is not used for matching. If this descriptor is used, the descriptor must also be used. 15.3.7:, and Synthesizing a font means, at minimum, matching the width metrics of the specified font. Therefore, for synthesis, this metric information must be available.

Similarly, progressive rendering requires width metrics in order to avoid reflow of the content when the actual font has been loaded. Although the following descriptors are optional for a CSS2 definition, some are required if synthesizing (or reflow-free progressive rendering) is desired by the author. Should the actual font become available, the substitute should be replaced by the actual font. Any of these descriptors that are present will be used to provide a better or faster approximation of the intended font. Of these descriptors, the most important are the descriptor and which are used to prevent text reflow should the actual font become available.

In addition, the descriptors in the can be used to provide a better synthesis of the actual font appearance. Example(s): For example: widths: U+4E00-4E1F 1736 1874 1692 widths: U+1A??

1473 1838 1927 1684 1356 1792 1815 1848 1870 1492 1715 1745 1584 1992 1978 1770 In the first example a range of 32 characters is given, from 4E00 to 4E1F. The glyph corresponding to the first character (4E00) has a width of 1736, the second has a width of 1874 and the third, 1692. Because not enough widths have been provided, the last width replicates to cover the rest of the specified range. The second example sets a single width, 1490, for an entire range of 256 glyphs and then explicit widths for a range of 16 glyphs. This descriptor cannot describe multiple glyphs corresponding to a single character, or ligatures of multiple characters. Thus, this descriptor can only be used for scripts that do not have contextual forms or mandatory ligatures.

It is nevertheless useful in those situations. Scripts that require a one-to-many or many-to-many mapping of characters to glyphs cannot at present use this descriptor to enable font synthesis although they can still use font downloading or intelligent matching. The above algorithm can be optimized to avoid having to revisit the CSS2 properties for each character. The per-descriptor matching rules from (2) above are as follows: • is tried first. 'italic' will be satisfied if there is either a face in the UA's font database labeled with the CSS keyword 'italic' (preferred) or 'oblique'. Otherwise the values must be matched exactly or font-style will fail. • is tried next.

'normal' matches a font not labeled as 'small-caps'; 'small-caps' matches (1) a font labeled as 'small-caps', (2) a font in which the small caps are synthesized, or (3) a font where all lowercase letters are replaced by uppercase letters. A small-caps font may be synthesized by electronically scaling uppercase letters from a normal font. • is matched next, it will never fail. (See below.) • must be matched within a UA-dependent margin of tolerance. (Typically, sizes for scalable fonts are rounded to the nearest whole pixel, while the tolerance for bitmapped fonts could be as large as 20%.) Further computations, e.g., by 'em' values in other properties, are based on the value that is used, not the one that is specified. The property values are given on a numerical scale in which the value '400' (or 'normal') corresponds to the 'normal' text face for that family.

The weight name associated with that face will typically be Book, Regular, Roman, Normal or sometimes Medium. The association of other weights within a family to the numerical weight values is intended only to preserve the ordering of weights within that family. User agents must map names to values in a way that preserves visual order; a face mapped to a value must not be lighter than faces mapped to lower values. There is no guarantee on how a user agent will map font faces within a family to weight values. However, the following heuristics tell how the assignment is done in typical cases: • If the font family already uses a numerical scale with nine values (as e.g., OpenType does), the font weights should be mapped directly.

• If there is both a face labeled Medium and one labeled Book, Regular, Roman or Normal, then the Medium is normally assigned to the '500'. • The font labeled 'Bold' will often correspond to the weight value '700'. • If there are fewer then 9 weights in the family, the default algorithm for filling the 'holes' is as follows. If '500' is unassigned, it will be assigned the same font as '400'. If any of the values '600', '700', '800', or '900' remains unassigned, they are assigned to the same face as the next darker assigned keyword, if any, or the next lighter one otherwise. If any of '300', '200', or '100' remains unassigned, it is assigned to the next lighter assigned keyword, if any, or the next darker otherwise. There is no guarantee that there will be a darker face for each of the values; for example, some fonts may have only a normal and a bold face, others may have eight different face weights.

The following two examples show typical mappings.